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Second, strain-level differences in the ability to utilize substrates could contribute to the inter-individual variations.
These observations are consistent with results showing that pol μ can utilize substrates similar to those of pol λ during in vitro(20) NHEJ reactions.
The superior contractile function in the MSC-treated mice may be due to the ability of the hearts to more effectively utilize substrates and synthesize ATP.
Thus the evolutionary pressure to utilize substrates longer than X3 may be low as the uptake of longer XOS is slow.
Both ACSL and ACSVL isozymes are capable of activating fatty acids containing 16 18 carbons, which are among the most abundant in nature, but only the ACSVL family enzymes have significant ability to utilize substrates containing 22 or more carbons.
For example, Clade I members act mainly upon flavonoids, while Clade V members utilize substrates ranging from terpenoids to medium-chain alcohols to quinic acid, in association with major phylogenetic branches within this clade [ 2].
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One approach is to utilize substrate engineering in order to delay plastic relaxation.
Model test specimens suitable for mechanical testing are developed, utilizing substrates of oxide dispersion strengthened copper.
Several studies have also been conducted on the ability of many microorganisms to produce CLA by utilizing substrates containing linoleic acid.
These organisms differ markedly by the composition of utilized substrates.
How long has it been utilizing substrates that are not preferred metabolites?
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