This category comprises contributions to action through utilization of the knowledge produced, by actors that are not involved in, or linked to, the research project.
Knowledge transfer is an interpersonal and cognitive process that can promote change strategies and the utilization of this knowledge [ 31, 32].
To address a similar dilemma, successful business organizations respond to market changes by efficiently implementing practice innovations that incorporate market-generated information and make organizational changes to enhance utilization of this knowledge; such organizations are called "Learning Organizations" (LO) [ 7].
Although this method seems to work locally, the national government is worried about the large discrepancy between the high quality of scientific research that puts the Netherlands in the top 10 and the low degree of utilization of this knowledge.
The direct relationship between the condition of the lower back muscles and the way the reproductive organs function is approved, the practical utilization of this knowledge is unsatisfactory.
In this context, improving our understanding of the genetic basis of Koshihikari's agronomic characteristics, followed by comprehensive utilization of this knowledge for genetic improvement, will be more important than ever before.
The third category contains the contributions to action through utilization of the knowledge produced by the investigators or linked actors.
Actors have their own actor-scenario which may have (decisive) influence on the process in all phases and thus on the contributions of the research process, on the knowledge product and/or utilization of the knowledge product.
In an analogous way, researchers on university campuses contribute to the utilization of the knowledge pool by providing up to date undergraduate teaching, and creating a life-long love of learning among college-educated people.
Our finding suggests that the utilization of external knowledge representing miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is substantially useful for elucidating the cancer phenotype.
In addition, our finding suggests that the utilization of external knowledge representing miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is substantially useful for elucidating the cancer phenotype since miRNAs regulate many genes associated with different biological processes such as development, stress response, apoptosis, proliferation, and tumorigenesis.
