The organizational interest explanation predicts that the needs of organizations and features of organizations (e.g. policy domain, organizational structure and role, positions) shape how actors utilize research, with the corollary that the utilization of research increases if it is oriented to the needs of end-users [ 64].
Figure 3 Self-reported ST3 outputs (utilization of research results at national level) achieved in FNR projects.
The categories of outputs included patents, industrial applications and utilization of research results at the national level.
Neutron transmutation doping of silicon (NTD) is one of the important applications in industrial utilization of research reactors.
However, some forms of utilization of research results, industrial applications and patents often occur at different research stages of a project.
We conclude with suggestions for future research that may inform intervention development, including the utilization of research designs that better afford causal inference.
A survey was done to improve understanding of nurses' participation in research activities and their utilization of research for practice in one developing country, the Republic of China.
The second part of the survey asked to what extent the respondents have achieved each of three research outputs (patents, industrial applications and utilization of research results at the national level) as a result of their involvement in FNR projects.
Yet, despite the small scale of the COST funding, researchers tend to attribute some of the three research outputs (patents, industrial applications and utilization of research results at the national level) to their participation in FNR projects.
The boundaries to knowledge exchange and the requirement to publish in peer reviewed articles delays dissemination and utilization of research findings to a point that they are almost obsolete before they are published.
A relatively small part of all respondents (6.4%) report not achieving this output at all (utilization of research results) as a result of their involvement in the formal networking program.
