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28 Secondary outcome measures, as potential mediators, were frequency of outdoor visits in a typical summer month and typical time spent outdoors in relation to utilitarian walking, recreational walking, gardening, outdoor sports and other outdoor activities.
There was a graded association between daily steps and self-reported time spent in utilitarian walking, with greater utilitarian walking associated with higher daily steps (figure 1).
Table 9 Negative binomial model for utilitarian walking trip frequency Variable Utilitarian walking Coef.
This was the first study to estimate the association of researcher-assessed neighbourhood walkability (measured using GIS and the Walk Score) with both self-reported utilitarian walking and biosensor-assessed total walking in a large sample of Canadian adults.
Utilitarian walking and daily steps were, however, correlated and walkability demonstrated a positive graded relationship with utilitarian walking.
The findings of this study suggest that increasing utilitarian walking may lead to increases in daily steps and that increasing walkability may also lead to increases in utilitarian walking.
The association between steps/day and utilitarian walking was explored graphically and by calculating mean differences in steps/day across categories of self-reported hours/week spent in utilitarian walking (ie, <1, 1 5, ≥6), adjusted for GIS-derived walkability and all of the variables included in the fully adjusted regression models.
"There is less utilitarian walking in sprawling areas," he said.
Interestingly, the model shows that none of residential preferences significantly contribute to explaining utilitarian walking.
Like utilitarian walking, residential preferences also have no contribution in explaining hedonic walking.
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In this study, we exclusively identified two types of walking; and it is noted that they is only one manifestation of utilitarian walking or non-utilitarian walking.
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