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Godwin argues that the utilitarian principle (the greatest good for the greatest number) requires you to save the archbishop rather than your mother.
The argument of the book is founded on the utilitarian principle that governmental policy should seek the greatest good for the greatest number.
The utilitarian principle of the right acts or policies being those that bring the greatest good to the greatest number of people may yet be accomplished with the ruling JLP being rewarded for its tardy courage.
(For a contemporary take on this utilitarian principle of legitimacy, see Binmore 2000).
They share the failure of the utilitarian principle to sufficiently respect and take account of the plurality of distinct persons with separate systems of ends.
He thus clearly held a cognitivist metaethical position, probably even a naturalistic one, using his utilitarian principle as a meaning postulate for ought sentences.
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Rawls only attempts to show that his two principles of justice would be favored over utilitarian principles, since he sees utilitarianism as the main competing tradition of reasoning about justice.
Because of these general characteristics of utilitarianism, the Radicals' application of utilitarian principles to social institutions tended to challenge traditional institutions of class and privilege and support egalitarian reforms.
If this is true, we would not only have an argument, for "Government House utilitarianism" (i.e., for utilitarian principles being relied upon only by the enlightened few), or for its stronger "meta-secrecy" version (of which a few enlightened would still be aware).
On Austin's reading of utilitarianism, Divine will is equated with Utilitarian principles: "The commands which God has revealed we must gather from the terms wherein they are promulg[ate]d.
David McNaughton argues that, even if the agent's commitment to his/her principles is not undermined, two-level utilitarianism does not succeed in its goal of showing, "how, on utilitarian principles, it is a good idea to think and reason in a pluralist and non-consequentialist manner".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com