Interestingly, two of the additional Smad2 genes in Tetraodontidae possess a non-classic protein domain: GSTENT00008463001 and SINFRUT00000172868 are predicted to harbour the haem peroxidase domain (IPR002016), which might be utilised in signalling response to oxidative stress.
However, given that plants can utilise similar defence strategies in response to different stresses, and are usually exposed to more than one stress in at a time, or over the course of the plant lifetime, it is not unexpected that the plant defence response has evolved to generate common and distinct responses that allow both flexibility and specificity of the stress response.
The current diagnostic kits utilising production of IFN-γ in response to TB antigens can detect MTb infection but are unable to distinguish between infection and disease.
To identify the potential biologic effects mediated by VEGFR-1 expression, we first assessed cellular migration in response to VEGF-A, utilising a modified Boyden chamber as described in Materials and Methods.
This research utilised a methodology developed for studying complex interventions in response to the perceived limitations of traditional systematic reviews.
Pretreatment of RT4 cells with histamine or serotonin decreased stretch-induced ATP release (P = 0.037, P = 0.040, resp .. Previous studies have demonstrated increased ATP release in response to inflammation utilising whole bladder preparations in contrast to our simple model of cultured urothelial cells.
In order to investigate the role of RCAN1.4 in the regulation of VEGFR-2 signalling we utilised siRNA against RCAN1 and analysed signalling and gene expression in response to VEGF-A.
In order to do that, we utilised 'ECIS' that measures endothelial barrier impedance in a monolayer in response to the invasive potential of TRAMP cells with stable expression of either CA-Akt1 or DN-Akt1.
Here, we utilised AMD3100, a specific antagonist of CXCR4, to target CXCR4 activation in response to CXCL12 treatment and demonstrate its efficacy in abolishing the chemoprotective effect of CXCL12 CXCR4 signalling axis.
In the present study a multifactorial approach was utilised to determine the predictive capability of numerous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in response to 5FU chemotherapy in CRC patients undergoing either the Mayo Clinic or a weekly schedule of treatment.
