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It may, therefore, be argued that through simultaneous utilisation of glucose and glycerol, Y. lipolytica is capable of maximising its metabolism with regards to oxygen availability promoting ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation resulting in the observed improvement of growth rate without reaching oxygen limitation.
It is also known that Aβ selectively builds up in the mitochondria in the cells of Alzheimer's-affected brains, and it also inhibits certain enzyme functions and the utilisation of glucose by neurons.
Decreased formation of lactate and pyruvate as well as decreased utilisation of glucose and glutamine in samples of CMp11 collected from 48 h and 72 h indicate slowing growth rates and metabolic activity of these cells.
Depletion of glucose stores due to starvation, parasite utilisation of glucose, cytokine-induced impairment of gluconeogenesis have been implicated [ 14].
They correspond to two distinct cell phenotypes: utilisation of glucose and utilisation of lactose by the cell as a substrate.
In defined media, encapsulation not only increased the tolerance of the yeast to inhibitors, but also promoted simultaneous utilisation of glucose and xylose.
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There are recombinant yeast strains that address both of these issues, but co-utilisation of glucose and xylose is still an issue that needs to be resolved.
The utilisation and storage of glucose as a fuel in humans is promoted by insulin.
Conversely, inhibition of glucose utilisation after mitochondrial complex inhibition also significantly limited respiratory burst (Fig. 2b, Supplemental Fig. 3b).
Therefore, H2O2 production was directly measured in PMA activated neutrophils following disruption of glucose utilisation or mitochondrial function (Fig. 2c).
In contrast, the contribution of glucose utilisation was assessed using the competitive inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) to investigate glucose-independent pathways.
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