The aspects of the challenge framework and model utilisation are linked to growing model complexity.
Our results show that (1) math and science competence significantly contribute to problem solving across countries; (2) math-science coherence is significantly related to problem solving competence; (3) country-specific characteristics confound this relation; (4) math-science coherence is linked to capability under-utilisation based on science performance but less on math performance.
The challenge category complexity with its main aspects sector coupling, technical, temporal, or regional resolution, input data, and result processing is linked to the challenges in the utilisation category.
The results of our analyses suggest that an under-utilisation of problem solving capabilities in the acquisition of science literacy is linked to lower levels of math-science coherence, which ultimately leads to lower scores in problem solving competence.
When this is linked to analysis of different types of health research, it assists in building a comprehensive account of the diverse meanings of research utilisation.
For other zygomycete fungi such as Mortierella spp, chitinolytic activity has been linked to utilisation of nutrients [ 56].
Therefore this study examined availability, accessibility, affordability, quality of services and individual or internal and service-related factors that are linked to the utilisation of sexual health services.
A study in Tanzania found that households headed by men were associated with more home based deliveries [ 4], while in Pakistan high decision making power by men was linked to low utilisation of ANC and delivery care services [ 5].
In sub-Saharan Africa more specifically, increased female autonomy has been linked to improved utilisation of maternal health services [ 19, 21, 25, 26], and studies in several sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia, Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Swaziland, Tanzania and Tunisia all indicate that women of childbearing age often do not decide whether or not to seek healthcare [ 17, 21, 26, 28].
Under-utilisation of maternity services has also been linked to insufficient pregnancy weight gain [ 42] and infants with low birth weight [ 35].
