We found that carbon wasting patterns are dependent not only on μ, but also on glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability.
We found that carbon wasting patterns are dependent not only on μ as shown by A-stat, but also on glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability.
In addition to A-stat, we carried out four D-stat experiments at various dilution rates to study the effect of glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability on carbon wasting and metabolic flux patterns.
What is more, overall carbon wasting into the carbon wasting products in the carbon balance was similar (ca 5.5%) under very different maximal glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability values.
Furthermore, our study revealed novel carbon wasting profiles into pyrimidine pathway intermediates and acetate metabolism governed metabolic flux dynamics that are dependent on μ and glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability.
Detailed carbon balance and biomass composition analysis were carried out in A-stat and D-stat cultures to examine the dynamic responses of metabolic fluxes and energy metabolism to change of μ and glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability.
It is interesting to note that the percentage of overall carbon wasting (sum of orotate, DHO, CBASP, NAA and lactate) in the carbon balance was similar (ca 5.5%) at the studied dilution rates under very different maximal glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability values.
In addition to A-stat, dilution rate stat (D-stat) method [ 22] was used to study the effect of glucose-acetate co-utilisation capability on carbon wasting and metabolic flux patterns since this characteristic is proposed to be the key player in E. coli overflow metabolism [ 11].
In addition to metabolic flux dynamics, we described novel carbon wasting profiles in E. coli K-12 MG1655 into pyrimidine pathway intermediates orotate, DHO, CBASP, and NAA with rising μ and under various glucose-acetate co-utilisation capabilities (Table S5 in Additional file 1).
LUCI Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator Victoria University of Wellington Explores the capability of a landscape to provide a variety of ecosystem services.
The Land Utilisation & Capability Indicator (LUCI) is a GIS framework that considers impacts of land use on multiple ecosystem services in a holistic and spatially explicit manner.
