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Joy Lawn, professor of maternal, reproductive and child health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and lead author of a new five-paper series on stillbirths and neonatal deaths in the Lancet, which I wrote about here, points out that by 28 weeks' gestation, the point at which the World Health Organisation classifies death in the womb as stillbirth, babies are usually viable.
The increased ploidy levels per se in the triploid seeds are unlikely the direct cause for the disruptive development of embryo and endosperm development in interploidy cross, as polyploid embryo and endosperm with balanced parental genomes are usually viable.
On the other hand truncations that lead to only a small segment of the protein chain being removed, are usually viable both in their genotypic and phenotypic expressions.
Radical cyclizations in the 4- exo mode producing strained four-member rings are not usually viable because the reverse ring-opening dominates.
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Fetuses are usually considered viable at 22 to 24 weeks of gestation.
A customized broach is usually only viable with high volume workpieces, because the broach can cost US$15,000 to US$30,000 to produce.
Although it is well known that recombinant forms of HIV-1 have a relatively high prevalence all over the world [18], there has been limited evidence of HCV recombination between different genotypes/subtypes [19], suggesting that these events are rare in vivo and that the resulting recombinants are usually not viable [14], [20], [21].
Another potential limitation is that functional testing usually needs viable cells with high purity.
PKH-26-labeled cells are usually considered viable because the dye leaves the cell membrane after cell death.
Those tumour cells exposed to extreme nutrient deprivation often combined with marked hypoxia for prolonged periods are usually not viable and undergo spontaneous cell death.
Mutant cells of human pathogenic microorganisms, defective in genes encoding enzymes involved in these pathways, are usually not viable in minimal media or at least exhibit attenuated virulence in animal models of microbial infections.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com