To this end, data are usually transformed, and the appropriate transformation depends on the type of measurement (for microarray data, see Durbin et al. 2002).
The embarrassing new identities assumed by fear of soldiers are usually transformed eventually into a way of life.
Sparse unmixing is challenging, since it is usually transformed to a NP-hard l0 norm based optimization problem.
The external beam shaping technique usually transforms a Gaussian beam into an OAM-carrying twisted light beam, e.g. computer-generated hologram7,37, mode converte38, spiral phase plate39, inhomogeneous anisotropic media40, fiber41, metamaterials42,43,44,45,46,47 and photonic integrated devices48,49.
The observations are usually transformed to the (quasi-) inertial reference frame before differentiation to avoid frame accelerations.
Initial steps of atomistic simulation workflows usually transform input data (often from external sources or databases) to internal structures.
In mobile caching network, the network traffic load is usually transformed to the traffic load of backhaul, fronthaul as well as link traffic among end users.
For simplicity, the complex-valued model given in (1) is usually transformed into a real-valued model, where the dimension is doubled such as m=2M and n=2N.
This robustness against low pass filter is a generic feature of transform domain watermarking schemes as usually transform domain watermarking schemes do not insert the mark in high frequencies.
However, attitude towards more returns or profits makes easier credit more accessible for individuals and businesses, which usually transforms into future loan losses and a decrease in bank capital.
