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It is usually formulated by the definition of geometric constraints and an optimization method like exhaustive search or Genetic Algorithm.
In general, the FLP having discrete representation and equal-sized facilities assigned to the same number of known locations is usually formulated by the QAP model.
It is always implied that the lubrication involves the use of lubricating oil, usually formulated by blending the appropriate quality lubricant base stock and additives.
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It is usually formulated in terms of belief functions, introduced by Shafer in [18], and integrated with similar ideas from Dempster developed in the 1960s, e.g. [19].
Although NO-ILC problems are usually formulated without constraints, they may be extended to enforce constraints by posing an analogous constrained optimization problem, termed Constrained Optimal ILC (CO-ILC).
Based on the cumulative queuing regime, this study first extends the delay models, which are usually formulated for isolated intersections, to the case of coordinated intersections by explicitly incorporating the effects of residual queue and signal offset.
Motivated by metaphysical considerations, object theory starts by proposing a theory of objects and relations (usually formulated in a second order quantified modal language).
These models are usually formulated in three-dimensional (3D) space, but can be further simplified by depth integration, resulting in two-dimensional (2D) discretization (Pastor et al. 2009).
The paint and primer should be of the same brand because they are usually formulated to work together.
This is usually formulated as an optimization problem.
Compliance requirements are usually formulated in a set of rules that can be checked during or after the execution of the business process, called compliance by detection.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com