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The amount of digesta flowing to the duodenum is a relevant measurement for the evaluation of nutrient supply to ruminants, which is usually estimated in animals fitted with a duodenal T-type cannula using internal or external markers.
While a number of deterministic [12 14] and probabilistic [15 17] priors have been proposed over the source spectra, the mixing vectors and the source spatial covariance matrices are usually estimated in an unconstrained manner.
For instance, due to time limit, most building LCA studies estimate the building materials and fuels consumed in construction phase quite roughly, which excludes the choices on a wide range of construction techniques, materials, specialties and machines, no need to mention the energy consumption in operation phase, which is usually estimated in an even bolder manner.
In 24 hours, the pressure dropped 69 mbar, which averages 2.9 mbar per hour; such values are usually estimated in the western Pacific using the Dvorak technique.
Hydrogen ADPs are usually estimated in such studies.
In the Netherlands, the eGFR is usually estimated in daily clinical practice with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula.
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Hs is usually estimated using in-situ sensors, mainly buoys, that record time series of wave elevation information.
H s is usually estimated using in-situ sensors, such as buoys, recording time series of wave elevation information.
In the latter, differences in gene expression were usually estimated as variation in relative quantitative expression, whereas in vertebrate systems only differences in spatiotemporal expression (i.e. anatomic domains at certain developmental stages) are assessed.
The Coen brothers' previous lowest bow for a film in wide release – usually estimated at around 2,000 cinemas – was the $12.5m taken by 2003's Intolerable Cruelty in North America.
The number of Indian security forces in Kashmir is usually estimated at about half of what Pakistan alleges.
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