Sentence examples for usually ascertained by from inspiring English sources

Family data utilized in genetic association studies of rare diseases are usually ascertained by initially recruiting individuals with the phenotype of interest from some background population.

Cases were usually ascertained from regional paediatric oncology units.

Other studies have inferred dependence from limitations in core activities of daily living, usually ascertained from the participant.

Similar studies have been much smaller with marked selection bias, usually ascertaining only patients with non insulin-requiring diabetes (2– 9).

Confounding is usual because prescribers in a particular clinical circumstance may choose to use one drug rather than another, and those circumstances are usually not obvious to, nor ascertained by, the researcher.

Third, because autopsies are not usually performed in India, the causes of death were ascertained by perusal of medical records and, whenever possible, by verbal autopsy.

Maternal weight was measured or ascertained by trained nurses, which is a strength compared with many previous studies as weight usually is completely self-reported [ 9, 13, 15].

Those responsible for the firing could not be ascertained by the United Nations military observers.

The full truth was to be ascertained by bitter experience, after spending a year on the spot.

(Compd. 1), as ascertained by elemental analysis.

The surface modifications were further ascertained by XPS.