First of all, it proposes an idea of adapted Water Boiling Test for a given context to measure the performance of a cookstove rather than the usual practice of carrying out standard water boiling tests[34 36].
Moreover, for cost-effectiveness the comparison of a new treatment to usual practice is the gold standard [ 86].
Control arm – (usual practice) named envelopes, containing the standard consent letter for each child selected to be included in the survey, were distributed by the school and sent to the child's parent/guardian via the child.
The present framework is capable of providing clear guidance for prioritizing options of wastewater treatment technologies by evaluating water trade-off, beyond the usual practice on treatment efficiencies and quality standards in effluents.
They will continue their usual practice (treatment as usual) supported by a standard sleep hygiene leaflet.
The interviewers utilised their own usual practice of clinical interview to resemble a standard outpatient setting.
We used histological diagnosis of appendicitis as the reference standard, which is the usual practice in studies of appendicitis.
Histological results will be sent to the VCCR as per usual practice, where they are coded in a standard manner and undergo quality assurance checking.
The usual practice is to adapt this index to Brazilian PHPN standards [ 7, 11, 24].
The usual care group (UCG) participants will receive standard or usual care for sleep disorders based on the usual practice in the community pharmacy.
