Studies using various cell culture models have shown different biological behaviors of cells reflecting differences in surface properties [ 8, 9].
The signaling mechanisms which enable castration resistant growth have been studied using various cell line models, including PC3, LNCaP, and MDA-PCa-2b cells lines.
In turn, the observations also emphasize that the postulated roles for Id-1, using various cell culture models, may not be applicable to all cell types, particularly in vivo [ 2].
It has been demonstrated experimentally, by using various cell lines and mouse models, that Act1 binds to IL-17RA and IL-17RC through their SEFIR domains [ 24].
However, numerous studies have used various cell culture and animal models to understand the underlying mechanism as summarized elsewhere (4– 6).
Using various cancer cell models, several studies revealed different contributions of TRAIL DRs: DR5 contributes to TRAIL-mediated cell death in colon and breast cancer cell lines; however, chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells exhibit apoptotic signaling via DR4.
Due to the high encapsulation efficiency of proteins under physiological conditions and the simplicity of the protocol, it has been widely used to prepare various cell models.
After its original cloning [34], and further functional characterization [20], CIP2A has been demonstrated to promote malignant cell growth by using various human cancer cell models [20], [22], [23], [24], [25].
Additionally, other tumor-targeting agents such as Chlorotoxin-Cy5.5 have been validated for optical imaging of malignant cancer cells using various mouse models of cancer.
In recent years, much effort has been made to improve the understanding of cellular processes involved in cell-cell interactions in various tumor cells, such as mammary carcinoma cells, using various models such as coculture, or conventional or genetically altered animals [ 20].
The studies have been conducted using various cancer models (various species) and various cell lines, so the differences are possible.
