Results: The two larger, most recent trials incorporated similar factorial designs to allow for comparisons between steroids, antivirals, both combined, and placebo, and assessed recovery using validated measures of facial nerve function.
We accounted for temporal confounding due to influenza seasonality and for confounding by indication using validated measures of baseline mortality risk and comorbidity in the adjusted regression models.
Function after spinal treatment, exercise and rehabilitation (FASTER) is a multi-centre, factorial, randomised, parallel group controlled trial using validated measures of outcome and with a parallel economic analysis.
Articles reporting HRs for incident all-cause dementia, AD and VaD based on published clinical criteria using validated measures of clinical depression or symptomatology from prospective studies of general population of adults were selected by consensus among multiple reviewers.
In contrast, our study found a significant positive association between vitamin D and β-cell function, using validated measures of β-cell function which account for the hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity (12).
Data were obtained by patient interview using validated measures of diabetes attitude, knowledge, self-efficacy, care communication, and perceived barriers to treatment, as well as sociodemographic and biomedical data.
