We performed phylogenetic reconstruction of the 217 site using the well resolved avian species tree [ 17].
Proton proton distances were calibrated using the well resolved methylene protons of the Cys (heterocycle ring) residue based on the relationship r = rref ηref/η 1/6, where r is the distance between atoms, η is the NOESY cross-peak volume, rref is the known distance, and ηref is the corresponding volume of the NOESY calibration cross-peak.
The resulting model yielded very excellent agreement, with a root mean square deviation calculated over all the heavy atoms below 2,5 Å and root mean square fluctuations of the side chains of 2,1 Å (s.d. 0,7 Å) (see Figure S1), i.e., values comparable to standard MD simulations using well resolved structures.
However, these studies used less well resolved, microsatellite-based pedigrees and at least a decade's less data.
The approach is based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method for capturing the interface with the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique used to well resolve the interface and the boundary layer.
The clear inability of single locus trees to resolve the named species, which are well resolved using the concatenated sequences, establishes that multiple loci are required to buffer against the distorting effect of inter-species recombination at the individual loci.
Multiple phylogenetic markers, in fact multiple genes, were therefore used to propose a well resolved TOL, either by the concatenation of markers, by averaging their phylogenetic signal, or by a corroboration of their individual phylogenetic signals in congruence analyses that sought a hierarchical pattern shared by most of these genes [ 2, 4, 5].
Within clade 11, series Rhinanthoides (1.00/100) was strongly supported as monophyletic, and the relationship between P. cyclorhyncha and P. rhinanthoides was well resolved using the total dataset.
The second well resolved peak is at 1458 1474 nm.
However, the image of the same sherd taken at a lower vacuum of 60 Pa (Fig. 4) showed very well resolved pigment boundaries using the other Everhart Thornley secondary Tescan detector (with a turbo-molecular vacuum pump inside the detector).
Mono-mal-PEG and bis-mal-PEG were well resolved using a Gemini C18 column with an aqueous-acetonitrile mobile phase.
