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The nanoparticle volume fraction was transformed into the nanoparticle weight fraction using the true density of nanoparticles to unify the concentration of units (Equation 6).
where K e and K f are the effective thermal conductivities of the suspension and the base fluid, respectively; α = K p K f is the K ratio, K p is the particle conductivity, n is the particle shape factor (n = 6 for cylinders, n = 3 for spheres in which case, Equation 1 reduces to the Maxwell model), and φ is the particle volume fraction calculated using the true density of the nanotubes [31].
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I defined true animal locations using the true turning angle and the true step lengths.
The true density, Dtrue, was calculated using Equation 3: D true = w / v p, Open image in new window (3).
A common method for creating a probability density is to use Kernel Density Estimation [4, 5], which approximates the true density by a sum of kernel functions.
The true density of the cellulose samples was determined using a model MPY-2 helium displacement pycnometer (Quantachrome Corporation, Syosset, NY, USA).
The true density measurement of the PCZ and polymers was determined in duplicate using a gas displacement pycnometer (Accupyc 1330; Micromeritics, Norcross, Georgia).
The true density, bulk density and porosity were 983.59, 619.85 kg/m3 and 36.96%, respectively.
The true density of silica is 2.2 grams per millilitre (137 pounds per cubic foot), but the porosity of silica gels gives them much lower bulk densities.
In short, the true density of stars in the solar neighbourhood is difficult to establish.
They also observed that the true density of air dried grewia gum was higher than the true density of the freeze-dried grewia gum (Table 1).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com