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Thus we calculated the GC-skew and AT-Skew using the third codon positions of each strand.
We have also tested the clock hypothesis by using the third codon positions only, but the clock hypothesis is still strongly rejected (lnL with no clock = −4053.1815, lnL with clock = −4116.3185, Likelihood ratio chi-square = 126.2739, DF = 48, p < 0.0001).
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coli) using the third ATG codon as translational start (Figure 1) resulted in the presence of only a single discernable band on SDS-PAGE and especially, higher expression yields than with the complete ORF.
> -wrap-foot> In the preceding analyses, we calculated 5′-CAI using the first 50 codons of each ORF.
The order was somewhat different in the silver arowana, butterfly fish and bichir, where A became the most frequently used base in the third codon position, albeit the frequency of G remained the lowest.
Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed either without third codon position or using RY coding at the third codon position.
A relationship existed between the physical-chemical properties of the amino acids and which of the A, U, or C nucleotide was used in the second codon position.
Such ORFs could be the result of additional sequences in the target genome, minor sequence differences in the reference genome resulting in the loss of a functional gene, errors in the original annotation, overlapping ORFs, or failure to use the first MET codon as the ORF start.
However, analyses of Hsp90 amino acid sequences produce topologies that are different from those derived from analyses using Hsp90 DNA sequences (excluding the third codon positions), which can be attributed to a more conserved and thus weaker level of phylogenetic signal in the amino acid dataset [55].
Comparing the codon usage of the predicted ORFs to the anticodons of the resident tRNA complement, one might suggest that 50% of the tRNAs use a wobble base at the third codon position.
The HA gene of the human H1N1 subtype is negatively correlated over time with the use of G at the third codon position but is uncorrelated with overall GC usage.
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