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The model was trained using the temporal difference (TD) algorithm and uses an actor-critic architecture.
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Change detection uses the temporal difference between two adjacent frames, together with an adaptive thresholding, to decide whether a pixel should be considered in motion or stationary.
Yoon et al. use the temporal difference ratio of HSV color channels to compensate of color distortion between consecutive frames [39].
The Q-learning algorithm solves the quality function iteratively using the following temporal difference update: Q t + 1 ( s t, a t ) = Q t ( s t, a t ) + Δ Q t. (20).
Pairwise F ST values among the historical samples were re-calculated after applying the ENA correction for null alleles as implemented in F REENA and then correlated with the temporal difference between samples using Mantel tests (Mantel 1967) in F STAT, using 2000 permutations.
The temporal difference is used jointly to compensate a limitation of multiple background model.
A difference in differences approach was used to compare the temporal differences within like PCPs across groups of PCPs.
The Temporal Difference (TD) technique [2] is used to continuously regulate the tunable parameter variables.
In 1995, an IBM academic, Gerald Tesauro, presented the "temporal difference learning technique", and the resultant neural network backgammon software TD-Gammon.
In (18), the temporal difference is found as.
The shorter signal will thus "sharpen" the temporal information and reveal the temporal difference between the fish species.
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