The preservation of samples in the field, their transportation and analysis of major ions in the laboratory has been carried out using the standard recommended analytical methods (APHA 2005).
24– 26 Exhaled CO level was measured using a standardized instrument (the Micro CO Meter, Micro Medical Ltd, Kent, UK) in an open-air environment, 27 using the standard recommended cut-off value, whereby a reading of 10 parts per million (ppm) or more signifies smoking.
Twenty-eight (74%) Trusts reported having fully adopted formal guidelines; most using the monitoring standards recommended in the NICE bipolar guidelines (n = 20) or British National Formulary (n = 11).
Chemical analyses were carried out for major anions, cations and heavy metal concentrations using the standard procedure recommended by APHA (1998).
Ten parameters, i.e., pH, EC, DO, hardness, alkalinity, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3 − and SO4 2− were selected for evaluation of WQI using the standard values recommended by BIS and WHO.
The leachate and ground-water samples were analyzed for 12 parameters viz., pH, total dissolves solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorides (Cl), carbonates (CO3), bicarbonates (HCO3), nitrates (NO3), and sulphates (SO4) using the standard procedures recommended by APHA standards (2005).
Genotyping with the Affymetrix Mapping 250k Nsp and Affymetrix Mapping 250k Sty arrays was performed using the standard protocol recommended by the manufacturer.
SNP genotyping with the Affymetrix Mapping 250K Nsp and 250K Sty arrays was performed at the Vanderbilt Microarray Shared Resource at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, using the standard protocol recommended by the manufacturer.
All subjects were properly shielded from the ionizing radiation using the standard and recommended gonadal shields.
Then, samples (500 g) were cut in small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation for 3 h, using the standard apparatus recommended by the European Pharmacopoeia.
