To determine whether the level of invasion by P. gingivalis was impacted by co-culture in the presence of commensal species, antibiotic protection assays were conducted on cells co-infected with P. gingivalis and S. gordonii using the same infection parameters as in the mono-species infection experiments.
However, this resistance was measurably less than that generated using the same infection protocol in 10-month-old sheep, in which almost all larvae were arrested early in development [ 26, 31, 38].
The second P. knowlesi sporozoite challenge was given four months after the first sporozoite challenge using the same procedures for infection and follow-up of parasitemias.
Before the immunity-related genes can be considered as relevant candidates for the co-localising QTL, ideally they should be tested in the same conditions as the QTL with which they co-localise, i.e. in particular with the same phenotypic trait, in the same or similar progeny, using the same Salmonella serotype under the same infection or vaccination model.
Pulmonary infection using the same or a 10-fold lower inoculum of wild-type C. neoformans strain H99 in mice results in fatal infection (unpublished observations) thereby necessitating that we use HKC.n. for the vaccination control as in previous studies [40], [41].
However, an increase of sbTNF-α expression was detected in the head-kidney during an experimental infection using the same pathogen.
Using the same mouse model of influenza infection, oral administration of LGG or Lactobacillus TMC0356 for 19 days was associated with lower clinical symptom scores and pulmonary virus titers as compared to control mice (Kawase et al., 2010).
To compare ΔNS1 H1N1 virus production to the wild type Influenza virus, we performed bioreactor runs using the same media, identical bioreactor and infection parameters with the wild type Influenza A virus IVR-116, NIBSC code 06/108 corresponding to our model ΔNS1 H1N1 virus.
For each hospitalized case, one control was identified among patients attended by primary health care clinics and emergency units due to influenza-like illness or respiratory infection in whom A (H1N1) 2009 infection was confirmed using the same diagnostic techniques as for cases.
Brown and coworkers performed an infection experiment using the same inoculum and bacterial strains, and reported a visual difference in muscle lesion size on day 7, albeit the lesion sizes were not quantitated [14].
In contrast, BPI offers the ability to gather real-time information on infection progression using the same group of animals.
