To gain insights into the structural basis of ligand subtype selectivity within the family of adenosine receptors (AR: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) we generated 3D models of all four subtypes using the recently determined crystal structure of the AA2AR as a template, and employing the methodology of ligand-guided receptor optimization for refinement.
Comparative modeling by assembly of rigid bodies [25] [27] was performed with the SWISS-MODEL/ProModII online server for automated protein homology modeling (http://swissmodel.expasy.org) [33], [34] using the recently determined AprBA structures of Archaeoglobus fulgidus [18], [23] as templates (Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, PDB, entries 1jnrA/B, 2FJA, 2FJB, 2FJD, 2FJE).
Here, we used the recently determined structure of the complex between TAXI-I and an endoxylanase of Aspergillus niger to develop inhibitor-insensitive BSXY variants by site-directed mutagenesis of strategically chosen amino acids.
However, our obtained values are in disagreement with the recently determined higher levels measured using an enzymatic method [12] but they are in good agreement with those levels reported initially based on radioactive labeled gel chromatography even though the estimated levels were at that time close to the detection limit of the method [1].
Different from the existing methods, the hidden node parameters of the SLFNs are determined using the recently proposed neural algorithm named extreme learning machine (ELM), where these parameters are assigned randomly without adjusting.
Copy-number estimations were determined using the recently published software package CNAG (Copy Number Analyzer for Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 100k arrays).
SVV assessed using the PiCCOplus™ system (Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany; SVVPiCCO) has repeatedly been shown to predict fluid responsiveness well in various clinical settings[ 3, 8- 11], whereas only sparse data are available for SVV determined using the recently introduced FloTrac™/Vigileo™ system (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA; SVVFloTrac).
The fractional occupancy of Cu(I) binding sites in MT-3 was correlated with the concentration of free Cu(I) ions in the sample calculated using the apparent dissociation constant for DETC that we have recently determined using the same techniques (KCu = 13.8 fM) [24].
Using this information we recently determined that technical variability in our data set depends on signal intensity [ 12].
Using FUCCI cells, we recently determined cell-cycle periods after exposure of specific cells in a population to X-rays [ 17] or an X-ray microbeam [ 46].
The active ingredients of the preparation were recently determined using mass spectrophotometry and included safflor yellow A, ligustrazine, tanshinol, ferulaic acid, and peoniflorin.
