These selected individuals are used to update the probability vector by p_{g+1}(mathcal{G}) = 1-tau pp_{g}(mathcal{G})+frac{tau}{J}sum_{j=1-tau pathcal{G}_{g:M}^{g} (16).
To validate the results of the refining strategy on inferring the second sibling genotype, the authentic parental genotypes are used to create the probability vector p 'AA'), p 'Aa'), p('aa') at the SNP being evaluated, for the children the pair would be expected to have.
Therefore, SNPs in the same class are not required to have the same AS configuration (e.g., a class can have one SNP with configuration [ SR, SR, NS, NS] while at the same time another SNP with configuration [ SR, NS, SR, NS]), although they usually have similar AS configurations because SNPs in the same class are all generated using the same probability vectors.
The parameter (epsilon) is used to remove small values in the probability vector thus decrease the computational complexity.
The entropy of the probability vector for the learning automata of the next state is used to determine reward or penalty for the actions of learning automata.
The probability vector with buffer occupancies for video, multimedia, www and ftp sources,,, and are used as the congestion indicator.
At each generation a new population of individuals is sampled according to the probabilities specified in the probability vector.
Let (x^) be the probability vector after the graph exploration.
Formally, let G0 be the initial probability vector, G r, the probability vector at step r, can be calculated as follows: (9) where and.
Instead of the genetic operators such as crossover and mutation, compact Genetic Algorithms (cGAs) use a probability vector (PV) for the current population to reproduce offsprings of the next generation.
