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Significant improvements in accuracy are observed by using the present boundary condition near cut-on.
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Five different flow problems (flow over a circular cylinder, an in-line oscillating cylinder, a NACA0012 airfoil, a sphere, and a stationary mannequin) are simulated using the present immersed boundary method, and the predictions show good agreement with previous computational and experimental results.
Due to using the present-graded boundary integral equation approach, only about 54 boundary elements have been used for the boundary discretization.
To cover all the possibility of symmetric, anti-symmetric, or unsymmetric thin laminated plates, the fundamental solutions used in the present boundary element was obtained from the Green's functions for the coupled stretching bending analysis.
Using the presented formulation, FG plates with arbitrary boundary conditions can be analyzed.
The validity and efficiency of the present boundary element method is demonstrated by comparing the results with those obtained using the boundary element method employing linear elements.
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To investigate the use of linear diode laser bars to optically stretch cells and measure their mechanical properties, we present numerical simulations using the immersed boundary method (IBM) coupled with classic ray optics.
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