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If contact precautions cause a 28.1% reduction in the transmission rate (i.e. 1 - (β2/ β1), using the pooled estimate from all the wards), then an additional 5% reduction in total transmission rates would be gained with instantaneous swab results, suggesting a limit to the potential benefit in using rapid screening technologies.
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A Bayesian random effects meta-analysis using WinBUGS1.4 (Medical Research Council and Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom) was used to obtain the pooled estimate of 0.61 (SE = 0.16).
The mi procedure is used to implement the MI, genmod and nlmixed procedures are used to estimate the intervention effect and its standard error from GEE approach and RELR respectively, and the mianalyze procedure is used to obtain the pooled estimate and its standard error across multiple imputed datasets.
All the seven RCTs were used to calculate the pooled estimate for assessing first-attempt success [ 6- 12].
The study-specific estimates are then combined using a weighted average to obtain the pooled estimate : (2) (3) where w s is the weight applied to each study's estimate.
In the study by Evans et al. (5), participants of the reference group were used more than once in computing the pooled estimate.
In a different application of the weighting approach where MI followed by re-weighting was used to assess the sensitivity of the pooled estimate in a meta-analysis to selection bias, Carpenter et al. [ 45] commented on how the importance ratio will become unbounded as selection bias of studies included in the meta-analysis increases.
Additionally we were able to identify sources of heterogeneity by fitting a metaregression model and exploring the effect of different study characteristics (such as the inclusion criteria in observational studies or the use of placebo in RCTs) on the pooled estimate.
All demographic rates were estimated using the pooled data from all 11 years.
Kerr et al. found this to be true with 12 replicates, where accuracy is reduced if the error distribution for each gene is modeled separately instead of using a pooled estimate [ 15].
If the ORs were provided in the publications, they were used for pooled estimate.
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