The distance estimation is computed using the path loss model.
In the measurement-based deployment, the received signal strength (RSS) is measured for each candidate MR using the path loss model [13] as given in Equation 8.
Moreover, link budget calculations have been made using the path loss model and exisiting ones and compared to actual performance measurements of the WiMAX system.
By using the path loss model in[19], we determined the ACQ as h ― u = 20 − 35 × log 10 D u, where the terms h ― u and D u denote the ACQ and the distance of user u from the BS, respectively.
When the primary transmitter's maximum transmission power ( P PT ) is known to the secondary systems, then, by using the path loss model ( P L LB d ) of the licensed band as in (1), the distance between PT and SN ( D P T, S N ) can be derived from (2).
The hypothesised model did not fit the data but an alternative model generated using the path analysis technique showed that people who had more developed social networks had significantly fewer unmet needs and, at the same time, those with fewer unmet needs had significantly higher self-rated quality of life.
Therefore, the model generated using the path analysis should be considered as a better reflection of the relationship between living situation and unmet needs, indicating that living situation acts as a significant predictor of unmet needs.
In the propagation environment, we use the path loss model 15.3+37.6 log10(d) and 35.3+37.6 log10(d) for macrocell and femtocell, respectively.
Moreover, we use the path loss model recommended by ITU-R as shown by the following: eta = 40 log_{alpha}lpha} + 30 log_{10} f + 49 [text{dB}], (25).
The radio link loss is evaluated using the dominant path model implemented in the WinProp ray tracing tool [41].
