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Similarity (1 – distance) was calculated by using the pairwise distance method generated by MEGA3 (8 ).
Aligned sequences were analyzed in PAUP* version 4.0 program [65] using the pairwise distance algorithm (uncorrected distances, kimura-2 parameters) for both within and between species.
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Although h ˜ is intended as a sort of proxy for the information transmitted by the unsupervised clustering of responses using the pairwise distances, it is derived from the supervised procedure described here [25].
Figure 2 summarizes the entire process of the proposed framework, which includes three main steps: (1) create the affinity matrix using the pairwise distances and class similarity, (2) create discretization schemes, and (3) discretize the datasets by applying the discretization schemes.
With position estimates computed using MDS, which jointly uses the pairwise distance estimates, we can compute new pairwise distance estimates.
Two step analysis methods were used: the pairwise distance distribution (PWD) (Abbondanzieri et al., 2005; Dumont et al., 2006; Moffitt et al., 2009) and the step-fitting algorithm developed by Kerssemakers et al. (2006).
We approximate the ancestral relationships of haplotypes by constructing a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree (Saitou and Nei 1987), using the pairwise Hamming distance matrix between the haplotypes in a study sample.
To visualize the genetic distance, we generated a neighbor-joining tree using the pairwise FST distances in the program MEGA version 4 [ 51].
For each conopeptide gene superfamily identified in both C. tribblei and C. lenavati, the conopeptides' mature regions were aligned using ClustalX, the pairwise distances were computed using MEGA, and the PID was computed for every conopeptide pair using the following formula: percentage sequence identity = identical residues × 2 sum of the length of a conopeptide pair.
The N (≥1000) lowest-energy structures are clustered using the pairwise rmsd as the distance measure and a 9 Å clustering radius.
Unrooted distance neighbor-joining trees showing the phylogeny of detoxification gene families were constructed using the pairwise deletion and p-distance functions of Mega 4.0 software.
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