Sentence examples for using the observed values from inspiring English sources

If data are not missing in a systematic way, missing data can be imputed using the observed values for complete sets of observations as covariates for prediction purposes.

Model uncertainty is estimated by quantifying the model drift from observations when the model is initialized using the observed values.

We used a value σˆ = 0.01, and then estimated N 0) for each animal using the observed values U t) and eqn. (10).

In the alternative hypothesis, the mean is different using the observed values; therefore, a two- tailed test is utilized (Table 1).

Predictive mean matching (PMM) [ 19] (where missing data are imputed using the observed values with the closest predictive mean from a linear regression model) is another univariate method for imputing missing data for continuous variables, and is less sensitive to violation of the normality assumption than standard linear regression imputation.

We could test this possibility by collecting additional data on the actual fans of each voter, thereby using the observed value of F ( t ) at the time of prediction when estimating r-values.

The deterministic population growth rate calculated by the model using the observed value of S, the average habitat structure and the minimum yearly reproductive output (0.28, recorded in 1999) projected a population decline of about 10% per year.

Here, the P-value can be computed using the observed value of Z for the given segment s under the probing window and the standard normal distribution.

The comparison results in Figure 8b shows that HPGA is consistently better than directly using the observed value of plant area from a top-view, with half of the error rate (19.7% against 38.1%).

Thus, we used the observed values of MHH and HH in the analyses described below.

When we use the observed values, we do not have to determine or estimate haplotype phase.