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The greatest height was aligned by using the mechanical axis (HMA, 417.41 ± 23.73 mm), followed by the anatomical axis (HAA, 416.96 ± 23.90 mm) and the osteometric board (HOB, 414.52 ± 23.66 mm).
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Full-length standing hip knee ankle, anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and skyline radiographs were used to evaluate the mechanical axis and arthritic changes.
Our results regarding the accuracy of the mechanical axis using the most recent navigation system (4.0) seemed comparable or superior to those of other studies [ 11, 23].
The most useful measurement was the mechanical axis zone.
Fujisawa, Masuhara and Shiomi used a different approach, aiming for the mechanical axis to pass through a point 30%to40%0% lateral to the midpoint of the knee (the so-called Fujisawa point).
Axial scans were then used to generate the anterior projection of the mechanical axis in the proximal and distal tibia.
Deformity was evaluated using the anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) and the mechanical axis deviation (MAD) measured in centimeters.
For the prediction, inter-subject artificial neural networks were designed using 11 inputs coming from the ground reaction force and the mechanical axis alignment.
Throughout testing, a fixed joint compression force of 110 N angled 20° medially/proximally relative to the mechanical axis of the femur was applied using the servohydraulic machine's vertical axis and a horizontal hanging weight.
The mechanical axis (MA-1) is a virtual construct used in navigated surgeries: defined as the axis joining the center of the femoral head and the knee center (intersection of the patellar groove plane and TEA) [ 8].
We therefore recommend that it should not be used as a substitute for long leg weight bearing plain radiographs in measurement of the mechanical axis or anatomical axis of the knee.
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