Toss the solids and use the liquid.
Embryos and larvae were coated with palladium using the Hummer 6.2 Sputtering System (Anatech Ltd., Hayward, CA).
Finally, the samples were mounted on aluminum stubs using double-side adhesive tape and sputter coated with gold/palladium thin film, using the SPI Module Sputter Coater equipment for 100 seconds and with a 15 mA current.
Recently, we have developed a more environmentally friendly strategy using the room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL -assisted sputteRTIL -assistede sputteringmetol Nprepare 32], which isupported clean, and totally free of additives and byproducts.
Thin film thicknesses were calculated from SIMS measurements by using the Cs+ ion current and sputter time, assuming the same sputter coefficient for all LSC films.
Samples were critical point dried in liquid CO2 using the Balzers CPD 010 (Balzers Instruments, Liechtenstein), mounted on aluminum stubs, and sputter coated with gold/palladium using the Polaron SEM Coating Unit E5100 (Thermo VG Scientific, Beverly, MA).
The specimens were critical-point dried using liquid CO2 and sputter-coated with gold before examination on a Stereoscan 240 scanning electron microscope (Cambridge Instr., Cambridge, UK).
Separate flow charts have been used to highlight unit processing steps used in the manufacturing of sputtering target using liquid metallurgy and powder metallurgy processes.
Samples from surfaces or transversal sections (obtained by fracture in liquid N2) were oven dried and coated with Au in a SCD 050 sputter coater (Oerlikon-Balzers, Balzers, Liechtenstein) Sample imaging was carried out using the scanning electron microscopes, models DSM 960 (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) or JSM 5900LV (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan).
