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One hour after training with both antennae in use, the bees showed excellent recall of the task when they were tested using the right antenna but poor or no recall when they were using the left antenna.
It would be interesting to see whether such circling occurs in Apis mellifera and possibly the direction would be clockwise, using the right antenna, on first exposure to a particular flower's odour and anticlockwise, using the left antenna, after a delay period.
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By coating either the left or right antenna with latex and thus rendering one antenna incapable of detecting odour, Letzkus et al. [3] were able to show that honeybees learn well when they use the right antenna but poorly if they use the left antenna.
This result is consistent with observations that learning performance is significantly worse when bees use only the left antenna [38].
At 1 2 hours after training, A responses were significantly higher when the right antenna was in use than when the left antenna was in use (results of data analysis in footnote to Figure 1).
Hence, not only is learning better when the right antenna only is in use than when the left antenna only is in use [3] but also recall 1 2 hours after training is better when the bee uses its right antenna than when it uses its left antenna.
using the left-hand navigation.
In most cases, sensilla from the first 10 segments of the left antenna were used for recording.
Rogers and Vallortigara [13] showed that at 1 2 hour after training using both antennae, recall was possible only when the honey bees used their right antenna but by 6 hours after training the memory could be recalled only when the left antenna was in use.
At 23 24 hours after training, A responses we significantly higher when the left antenna was in use than when the right was in use (Figure 1).
To examine the roles that neuroligins and NrxI might play in the observed olfactory learning asymmetry, we used bees that had either the right or the left antenna amputated.
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