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Using the latent variable modeling approach with PLDA, H0 and H1 correspond to the models as shown in Figure 3.
Finally, we derived the SEM equations and implemented these in the statistical software R using the latent variable analysis (lavaan) package.
Using the latent variable formulation, we can define a latent variable Z i * that is related to Z i via the following equation: Z i = 1 if Z i * > 0, 0 otherwise.
ICC was calculated using the latent variable method.
The variance partition coefficient for each level of the model (i.e., fledgling, clutch, and breeding pair) was estimated using the latent variable technique [ 13].
Multi-level models yielded similar ORs and CIs as GEE models, and low intraclass correlations (PTB 0.0048, SGA birth 0.0032 – calculated using the latent variable method [ 41]).
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By using the latent variables, we design time-frequency masks which reduce the nontarget sources and enhance the target source.
A related paper [ 8] uses the latent variable modeling based on the hierarchical Bayes approach to incorporate the dependence between the observations.
Partial least squares (PLS) regression is a powerful regression technique that uses the latent variable approach to find the fundamental relations between two matrices (X and Y) [ 21– 23].
Another alternative is to use the latent variable approach, where the latent variable would reflect the disease state and amount of target throughout the body (rather than the target in circulation).
To achieve parsimony, the model used the latent-variable approach (because this parsimoniously simulates rainfall occurrences as well as amounts) and several other assumptions (including contemporaneous and separable spatiotemporal covariance structures).
More suggestions(15)
using the discrete variable
using the latent latent-trait
using the latent moderated
using the constant variable
using the same variable
using the complex variable
using the separated variable
using the latent semantic
using the dummy variable
using the accessible variable
using the original variable
using the auxiliary variable
using the metaheuristic variable
using the single variable
using the inverse variable
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