The 2nd day of fifth-instar (the last instar) larvae were anaesthetized on ice for 2 3 min and used for the injection experiment.
The efficacy of four EPNs, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltia, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. indica against the last instar larvae of the pest, was tested under laboratory conditions.
Food deprivation of M. sexta early in the last instar causes the JH titers to rise [28], [34].
Stage specific samples of 2 3 individuals were collected for each of the 9 days of the last instar nymph.
Small RNA libraries of the cockroach B. germanica were built from the whole body of the last instar nymph, and the adult ovaries.
Not all specimens were in good condition or of the last instar.
Adults were distinguished by the tegmina concealing the relictual hind wing, which is the case only in the last instar.
The comparative analysis of a miRNA library of the penultimate nymphal instar (N5) with an equivalent library from the last instar nymph (N6) of B. germanica revealed 40 canonical miRNAs that are differentially expressed in each library.
# Ichneumon caloscelis and Ichneumon fulvicornis attack the larvae of their hosts, and the habitat of the last instar larvae are here given instead of the pupation site.
