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A meta-analysis was performed using the hazard ratio as primary effect measure, which was estimated from Cox proportional hazard models or from summary statistics of Kaplan Meier product-limit estimations.
Differences in duration of sepsis, adjusted for lethargy, were measured using the hazard ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI), estimated using Cox regression.
The data extracted from the studies were combined by using the hazard ratio or risk ratio with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).
PFS also was compared between treatment arms using the hazard ratio, corresponding 95 % CI, and P value from the stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model.
Using the hazard ratio, on any one day the gossipy magazines disappeared 14.51 times (95% confidence interval 6.69 to 33.32) faster than the non-gossipy ones (figure).
The secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS /time to progression (TTP) (summarised using the hazard ratio (HR)), response rate and toxicity (summarised using relative risk).
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We also calculated the fraction of deaths attributed to opium use in this population using the hazard ratios and prevalence of opium use.
The end point of nonfatal stroke was included in the analysis using the hazard ratios derived by Miller et al. (2007) for both men and women.
When more than two categories were present we used the hazard ratio for the highest category compared with the lowest category.
Following the previously outlined strategy, a naive approach for deriving an ITR uses the hazard ratio (new treatment versus the standard) as the treatment contrast, which can be calculated as Δ(X) = exp β4 + β5 X2).
Long-term outcomes were estimated with Cox proportional-hazards regression models using the average hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
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