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Data were analysed using geNorm [45] using the geometric average of Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (Hprt1) and peptidyl prolyl isomerase A (Ppia) with the normalised gene expression values displayed as arbitrary units (A.U .. Input data for geNorm was absolute values derived from a plasmid standard curve.
Normalization of gene expression was performed using the geometric average of rpl13 and ef1a.
The same total RNA samples used for the microarray were used for RT-PCR validation; RT-PCR was performed as reported previously [ 79], using the geometric average of Ctsb, Tmbim6, and Tmed2 as a normalization constant [ 15].
The data obtained were normalised using the geometric average of the 2−ΔCq values of three stable reference genes selected out of a set of 10 [ 83] by geNorm (v3.5) and Normfinder (v0.953) algorithms [ 84],[ 85].
To eliminate the plate-to-plate PCR variability, the data were normalized using the geometric average of 'house keeping' genes expression levels in a way similar to the one proposed by Vandesompele and co-workers [ 18].
For all other experiments qPCR data were normalized using the geometric average [ 39] of qPCR results for two control genes, EF1 and UBQ11, which were shown previously to be the two most stably expressed genes of those tested in C. roseus[ 40].
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We recommend the use of TBP and HPRT1 for normalizing expression results using the geometric averaging of the two reference genes [ 4].
The reason why we did not use the initial condition, B z (x,z=0,t=0), but have used the geometric average is that the configuration of B z is changed by the compression of the CS during the early stages of the simulation because of the pressure difference.
However, we recommend that the uniform transcription of these genes is tested by systematic experimental validation and to use the geometric averaging of at least 3 of the best ones.
Results for aggregate elastic constants weighted by the OD are shown in Table 3 which shows the Elastic Stiffness of I/S and Kaolinite aggregates using the geometric mean (Geo), Voigt average (upper limit), Reuss average (lower limit) and calculated Thomsen anisotropy parameters.
Measurements of on-chip replicates (quintuplicates) were averaged using the geometric mean of processed intensity values of the green channel, 'gProcessedSignal' (gPS) to retrieve one resulting value per unique non-control probe.
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