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The viscous effect is considered in the model using the friction factor approach.
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The comparison test results reveal that by using GEP, the friction factor can be identified precisely.
Productivity losses will be valued using the Friction Cost Approach.
Indirect costs will be calculated using the friction cost method.
Productivity losses will be valued using the friction cost method.
Indirect costs for paid work were calculated using the friction cost method [ 20, 21], with a friction period of 123 days.
Productivity losses for the ROI were also estimated using the friction cost approach.
Colebrook White, Modified Colebrook White and AGA (American Gas Association) equations are used to calculate the friction factor in gas pipelines (Menon 2005; Abdolahia et al. 2007).
Pressure drop data are used to characterize the friction factor in the laminar region, the transition region and the turbulent region.
The implicit Colebrook–White equation has been widely used to estimate the friction factor for turbulent fluid-flow in Darcy Weisbach equation.
This data is used to estimate the friction factor for thermal hydraulic flow calculations of a Gas Test Loop (GTL) system proposed for incorporation into ATR to provide a fast neutron flux environment for the testing of nuclear fuels and materials.
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