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The 10-year risk of a fatal cardiovascular disease will be estimated using the formulae developed by the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) project [ 35], with gender, smoking status, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (Additional file 2, see Tables 1 & 2).
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Using the formula developed by Imoto (2007), we can estimate an IGpe of 0.30 for the seismicity model of this hazard function.
Permeability index (PI) for the water samples was determined using the formula developed by Doneen (1964) and Siamak and Srikantaswamy (2009): {text{PI}} = frac{{{text{Na}}^+} + sqrt { text{HCO}_3^-})} { text{HCO}_3^-} + text{Mg}^{2+} + text{Ca}^{) }times 100.
Permeability index (PI) was estimated using the formula developed by Doneen (1964): {text{PI}} = frac{{{text{Na}} + sqrt {{text{HCO}}_{3} } }}{{{text{Ca}} + {text{Mg}} + {text{Na}}}} times 100 (3)where all concentrations are represented in meq/L.
The Chl a and carotenoids concentration was estimated from the dimethylfluoride extract using the formula developed by Moran [51].
Environmental oxygen pressure (PO2) was calculated from expedition logs (Table S1) using the formula developed by Prof. John B. West [51].
We estimated the concentrations of total plasma lipids using the formula developed by Phillips et al. (1989).
In addition, mean change in corrected IOP from baseline to last visit was assessed using the formula developed by Kohlhaas et al. [ 17] (corrected IOP = raw IOP + [-0.0423 × central corneal thickness in μm + 23.28]), and for the subset of subjects in whom IOP was measured using applanation tonometry and for subjects stratified by diagnosis and by baseline ocular hypotensive therapy.
For estimation of the cumulative glycemic exposure (both degree and duration) A1c months were calculated using the formula developed by Orchard et al. (10), which is determined by multiplying the number of HbA1c units above the normal reference value by the number of months.
We use the formulae developed by Shkolnikov, Andreev, and Begun (DR 8(11):305–358, 2003) to decompose the differences between Gini coefficients by age and cause of death.
As degrees of freedom calculated using standard metrics for t-tests are overly liberal in the analysis of multiply imputed data, we adjusted the degrees of freedom for our analyses using the formula develop by Barnard and Rubin [ 88].
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