Sentence examples for using the formula left from inspiring English sources

Leaf elongation rate (LER, mm d−1) was calculated using the formula, (left( {{text{L}}_{ 1 } - {text{L}}_{0} } right)/t), where t is the time interval (days).

Species composition was determined using their relative densities as described by Krebs (1989), using the formula left(frac{n_i}{N}right times 100 (100

Relative growth rate (RGR, mg g−1 d−1) was calculated using the formula, (left( {{text{lnDW}}_{ 1} - {text{nDW}}_{0} } right)/t), in which t is the time interval (days) (Poorter 2001).

The IVC collapsibility index was calculated using the formula left[ ( {{text{maximum}},{text{IVC}}},{text{diameterr}} - {text{minimum}},{text{IVC}}},{text{diameterr}}} ) / {text{maximum}},{text{IVC}},{text{diameter}} right]during a spontaneous breathing cycle.

First, the degree of individual lateral bias was identified by calculating an individual handedness index (HI) using the formula: (left forelimb use−right forelimb use)/(left forelimb use + right forelimb use).

After recording the absorbances of the supernatant at 450-, 532-, and 600-nm wavelengths, MDA content was calculated on a fresh weight basis using the following formula: left( {{text{nmol MDA g}}^{ - 1} {text{FW}}} right), = { 6}. 4 5 left( {{text{OD}}_{ 5 3 2} {text{ OD}}_{ 600} } right)0.

In case of 4×4 matrix, the matrix is first divided into four sub-matrices and then inverted in a block-wise manner by using the following formula: left[ begin{array}{cc} mathbf{A} & mathbf{B} mathbf{C} & mathbf{D} end{array} right]^{-1} = left[ begin{array}{cc} mathbf{W} & mathbf{X} mathbf{Y} & mathbf{Z} end{array} right] (15).

Then, contrast-to noise ratio was obtained using the following formula: left({mathrm{Mean}}_{mathrm{myo}} - {mathrm{Mean}}_{mathrm{BG}}right)/mathrm{SQRT}left{{left({mathrm{SD}}_{mathrm{myo}}right)}^2 + {left({mathrm{SD}}_{mathrm{BG}}right)}^2right}, Figure 1 Examples of determination of regions of interest for calculation of contrast-to-noise ratio (upper) and sharpness index (lower).

The quantile function, Q u), (0using the formula: begin{aligned} Q u)=sigma left( -ln left( u ^{-frac{1}{p}}-1right) right) ^{frac{1}{3}+muu.

The residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC) was determined using the formula (Gupta and Gupta 1987): left[ {left( {text{HCO}_{3}^ right) - left( {text{Ca}^ right)} right], (4 where the ion concentrations are in meq/L.

Following Saito et al. (2003), we synthesize the hybrid envelope using the formula given by G_{H} left( {r,t} right) = G_{D} left( {r,t} right)e^{{ - g_{L} Vt}} + G_{C} 'left( {r,t} right), (12 where G C ' is equal to G C of Eq. (10) except that the ballistic term (the first term of r.h.s. of Eq. 10) is subtracted.