The protein concentrations were measured by absorbance at 280 nm using the extinction coefficient calculated from the amino acid composition (15,930 M−15,930).
The resulting protein concentrations were determined by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm (NanoDrop 1000, Thermo Scientific) and using the extinction coefficient of the handle oligonucleotides conjugated to the proteins (β-lactamase = 20.39 × 104 M−1 cm−1, BLIP = 22.54 × 104 M−104m−104
The ratio of DNA versus protein was calculated as 0.9 1 using UV Vis (Supplementary Fig. 10b), subtracting the spectrum of unmodified rhBMP2, and using the extinction coefficient of Y*DNA (ɛ260 nm=262,100 M−1 cm−1) relative to that of rhBMP2 (ɛ280 nm=18,421 M−1 cm−1).
The concentration was calculated using the extinction coefficient of acetoacetyl-CoA (16.5 mM−16.5−16.5
The activity of CE was determined using the extinction coefficient of 176.4705 for pNPA.
The enzyme activity was calculated using the extinction coefficient 2.8 mM−1 cm−1 and expressed in units/mg protein.
For all proteins containing the LOV domain, their concentration was determined using the extinction coefficient of 14,000 M−1 cm−1 at 450 nm (Koziol 1971).
APX activity was calculated by using the extinction coefficient 2.8 mM−1 cm−1 and expressed as µmol decomposition of ascorbate min−1 mg−1 protein.
One unit of activity (U) was defined by the oxidation of one μmol of ABTS per min, using the extinction coefficient ϵ420nm of 36,000 M-1 cm-1 (Childs & Bardsley 1975).
The concentration was determined using the extinction coefficient for denatured protein of 22900 M−1cm−1.
Protein concentration of the samples was measure by absorbance at 280 nm using the extinction coefficient calculated from the amino acid composition.
