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For isoleucine starvation and stringent response studies, expression ratios were calculated using the exponential phase as a reference.
Expression levels of heat shock proteins, aldehyde dehydrogenases, glutathione-related enzymes and other antioxidants in S. marinoi during stationary (STAT; green bars) and declining (DECL; red bars) growth phases in the CO2-enriched condition, using the exponential phase as control (x-axis; * for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01 and *** for p < 0.001).
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Digital PCR differs from other quantitative approaches, such as real-time PCR, which use the exponential phase of the PCR reaction, in that digital PCR allows the reaction to proceed to its plateau and then simply uses a 'yes/no' method to monitor the presence or absence of input template [ 34].
We used only the exponential phase of the amplification reaction.
The main idea of the numerical method is to carry out a multiscale decomposition by frequency (MDF) to the electric field component of the solution at each time step and then apply the sine pseudospectral discretization for spatial derivatives followed by using the exponential wave integrator in phase space for integrating the MDF and the equation of the ion density component.
The most resistant variants were PCI43-G4000, PK1-G4000, and KLM1-G4000 and were resistant to continuous exposure to gemcitabine at 4000 n M. Experiments were performed using cells in the exponential phase of growth.
Appropriate cDNA dilutions were used such that the exponential phase of the amplification curves were within the 40 PCR cycles recommended by the manufacturer (i.e. ranging from 16-36 cycles for the 20 genes and 1-13 cycles for 18SRNA).
Total RNA from C. glutamicum cells was extracted during the exponential phase using an RNA extraction kit (Tiangen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), and the RNA concentration was determined by a microplate reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA).
All experiments were conducted using sub-confluent cells in the exponential phase of growth.
Amplification efficiencies per sample per target were calculated from the slope of the amplification curve in the exponential phase using LinRegPCR 11.0 software [ 72].
Two pCAR1-harboring strains, the original host P. resinovorans CA10 and the transconjugant P. putida KT2440 pCAR1), were grown to the exponential phase using carbazole or succinate as the sole source of carbon.
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