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Together these factors explained 58% of variance between studies, using the equation: weight change (kg)=−5.77 kg/1%16 kg/1% energy from total fat in control group −0.19 kg/1% decrease in energy from total fat in intervention group+0.01 kg/months' duration.
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The percentage water content of each specimen was calculated using the equation: ((average wet weight-dry weight)/average wet weight) × 100.
The dry cell weight of each sample was estimated by multiplying the determined cell weight of E. coli by the OD600 using the equation: dry cell weight (mg) = 0.0582 × OD600 × volume (mL).
BMI was calculated using the equation BMI = weight (kg)/height(m).
The condition factor (K) representing the relative body weight was calculated using the equation: K = constant × body weight (g)/ standard length [cm]) according to Bolger and Connolly [ 30].
Creatinine clearance (in milliliters per minute) was estimated using the equation [(140 – age) × weight (kg)]/[72 × serum creatinine (mg/dL)] (Wu et al. 2003).
Foliage water content (FWC) was determined from foliage fresh weight (FFW) and foliage dry weight (FDW) using the equation FWC = (FFW - FDW ·FFW-1.
Weight loss was calculated as the weight difference between sample before and after treatments using the following equation: Weight loss = [ ( Weight before treatment − Weight after treatment ) / Weight before treatment ] × 100.
The condition factor (K) was calculated from data obtained from the length and weight measurement using the equation K = 100 W/L3… (Bagenal 1978).
The CO2 production rate was calculated using the equation: VCO2 ⋅ (22.4 ⋅ Body weight)−1 ⋅ 1000, where the CO2 production was found by analyzing the expired gas collected in the Douglas bags (nondiffusible Douglas bag, Hans Rudoph).
Biomass concentrations were analyzed spectrophotometrically (Hitachi U-1100) at 660 nm and converted to dry cell weight (DCW) using the equation 1 OD660 = 0.3 g DCW/L [ 46, 47].
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