Adjustment of all the weights, beginning from the output neurons and continuing backwards to the input layer, by adding the corresponding values calculated before and using the equation ( w_{ji} left( {t + 1} right) = w_{ji} left( t right) + gamma delta_{j} left( t right)y_{i} left( t right) ), where γ is the learning rate parameter.
Unit weight (W n ) is calculated using the formula W_{n} = k/V_{text{s}}where k is the constant of proportionality and it is calculated using the equation k = left[ {{1 mathord{left/ {vphantom {1 {sum 1/V_{text{s}} = 1,,2,, ldots,n}}}} right. kern-0pt} {sum 1/V_{text{s}} = 1,,2,, ldots,n}}}} right].
The instrumental corrected βhkl for a selected diffraction peak of the materials was calculated using the equation: beta_{text{hkl}} =, left[ {left( {beta^{2}_{text{hkl}} } right),{text{measured}} - left( {beta^{2} } right),{text{instrumental}}} right]^{1/2} (4 The XRD peak (311) was used to define average particle's size.
To estimate the magnetocaloric effect, the change of magnetic entropy ((Delta S_{text{ M}}) was calculated numerically using the equation [21]: - Delta left( {S_{text{M}} } right) = mathop sum nolimits frac{{(M_{i} - M_{i + 1} }}{{T_{i + 1} - T_{i} }} )Delta {text{H }}_{i}.
The corrosion rate, v (mm year−1), was calculated using the equation: v = 87600 times left( {W/S times d times t} right) (2 where W is the average weight loss (g), S is the surface area of specimens (cm2), d is the density of iron (7.87 g cm−3) and t is the exposure time (h).
With a Markov process at each period (t), the probability of the switch from regime i to j can be calculated using the equation below: p_{ij} = Pr left( {s_{t + 1} = j|s_{t} = i} right)where the probability of remaining in a given regime i is signified as p ii, consequently p ij = 1 − p ii signifies the probability of switching from regime i to the other regime, j.
Another PS is selected as CH by using the Equation 2. Secondly, if the CH leaves surreptitiously, the entire cluster members will not receive the CH beacon for a certain period, and then another PS is selected as CH by the same Equation 2. Key refreshment in inter-WBAN communication is done in two phases.
HOMO level (EHOMO) was determined with respect to their respective oxidation potential onset as extrapolated from the voltammograms of the sensitizers [18] using the equation ({text{E}}_{text{HOMO}} = - left( {4.4 + {text{E}}_{text{ox}}^{text{onset}} } right))) (eV).
Thus, we get the training group set ({G_{c}^{j}}) for dictionary updating by rearranging the sample using the equation below: {G_{c}^{j}} = left[ begin{array}{l} frac{1}{sqrt{N}}{G_{h}^{j}} frac{1}{sqrt{M}}{G_{l}^{j}} end{array}right] (15).
Wasted left ventricular effort was calculated using the equation Ew = 2.09 × AG × (ED−Tr) (Hashimoto et al. 2008).
