Furthermore, for most vehicles, the low levels of dilution used in the constant volume sampler created particle mass concentrations that were greater than a factor of 10 or higher than typical ambient levels.
Firstly, using the constant NVT (certain number, volume, and temperature canonical ensemble) time integration via the Nose/Hoover method, the whole system was set at a uniform temperature of 373.15 K (110 °C).
Thermal equilibration was run in two phases to bring the system to the correct temperature, pressure, and density, first using the constant number of particles, volume, and temperature (NVT), and then the constant number of particles, pressure, and temperature (NPT) equilibration schemes.
Those authors showed that the pressure-volume curve obtained using the constant flow technique was shifted to the right when compared with the curve obtained using the inspiratory occlusion method because of the resistive factor.
The placenta was investigated using a constant volume and the same 25-degree sector angle throughout.
This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the immature microvascular density (MVD) of brain gliomas using the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and volume of extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue (Ve) from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) noninvasively.
The inhalation process was simulated using a constant volume flow rate at the end of the airway for both models, and the wall was set to be rigid and stationary.
The inhalation process was simulated using a constant volume flow rate for both models, and the wall was set to be rigid and stationary.
The experiments were conducted using a constant volume chamber, at 298 K and 0.10 MPa.
