Sentence examples for using the aversive paradigm from inspiring English sources
Until now, most of the research on memory processes in Chasmagnathus was performed by using the aversive paradigm, extensively characterized at behavioural and mechanistic level [16], [41] [43].
Thus, because Kim et al. [35] found that in dDA1 mutant flies the impairment in the aversive paradigm can be rescued by receptor expression in a subset of mb Kenyon cells, it seems plausible that DA input onto the mbs serves as an obligatory reinforcement signal for the acquisition [30] of aversive olfactory memory traces.
Using the same paradigm, we failed to reproduce these results.
Superficial cells were imaged using the paradigm described earlier.
We rationalized this epitaxy using the domain matching epitaxy paradigm.
Mice were tested using the Morris Water Maze paradigm.
The present study was designed to investigate the influence of the left ventral subiculum (SUB) closely linked to the ENT on the DA responses obtained in the Nacc during LI, using an aversive conditioned olfactory paradigm and in vivo voltammetry in freely moving rats.
In clinical practice, this often translates into risk aversive guidance to avoid using the arm.
Self-report appetitive and aversive motivation was measured using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ).
Blocking PPL1-γ1pedc activity, using the MB438B split-GAL4 driver, also impaired aversive memory.
The aversive learning paradigm has been used extensively in our laboratory for the last 20 years; it is based on the crab's escape response elicited by the presentation of a visual danger stimulus (VDS), which represents the negative reinforcement [14].
