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Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for RCTs and the Ottawa Newcastle scale for observational studies.
Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool.
The results of the risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane tool are presented in Table 3.
Two reviewers will independently assess the methodological quality of the studies using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias.
For efficacy outcomes we assessed the risk of bias for each included trial using the Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias (Higgins 2011).
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The two evaluators had experience in the used the Cochrane tool.
Two of us independently assessed each included study using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias (35).
Fig. 2 Risk of bias assessment of the included trials using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.
Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane's Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Cohort Studies (http://methods.cochrane.org/bias/reporting-biases).
Using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for risk of bias [22], twelve studies were judged to be at high risk of bias, many of these due to attrition and performance bias.
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