He says he is in favour of using tests to see if people can work.
Doctors can diagnose the condition using tests including liver scans.
Some states have developed creative ways of using tests to tackle that complex challenge; others have weaker systems.
We've already said that using tests scores in this way to judge teachers is not legally or educationally sound".
It's the reformers who often bring the passion, using tests as a lever.
Of course, the Bush administration is using tests not to see if individual students are learning but to rank and evaluate schools.
"We're using tests to figure out how kids will test on tests," said Jane Hirschmann, the founder and co-chairwoman of Time Out From Testing, an anti-testing group that sponsored the news conference.
While the House bill specifies that states must measure proficiency in specific skills by grade level, the Senate allows states to continue using tests that measure progress in relation to the performance of other students, as a handful now do.
The officials declined to say exactly what they would recommend but acknowledged that European and Japanese regulators screen millions of animals using tests that take only three hours -- fast enough to stop diseased carcasses from being cut up for food.
Courts have developed ways to evaluate the claims, often using tests to balance the First Amendment's protections of speech against the harm caused by whatever someone wrote or said.
Dr. Kahan believed that college students should be held to rigorous standards, but that using tests to screen who would be admitted to CUNY's senior colleges was inappropriate because such tests did not predict who would graduate.
