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Plants were exposed along 14 days to different light treatments (1%, 7%, 42% and 100% surface irradiance, SI), using shade screens in an outdoor mesocosm.
Using shade trees in cacao plantations increased foliar nitrogen concentration, nitrogen resorption, N NUEC and N NUEES; thus, might be one reason for a higher productivity of cacao in unshaded systems.
In contrast, other groups had better socioeconomic or environmental conditions that opened the possibility of using shade trees or manual weed control (as opposed to herbicide use) to control erosion.
Four shading levels (3, 20, 40, and 70% of incident photosynthetically active radiation; PAR) were applied in each period using shade cloths that surrounded one-half of large individual trees.
For over a decade, the company has cultivated a network of farmers around the world who grow their beans under a set of standards that include using shade and tree conservation to protect crops, and managing risks from pests and disease spurred by changes in the climate.
Coral branches were acclimated 48 h at the winter mean local ambient temperature (23 25°C) and at the ambient light levels, which were adjusted using shade cloth to mimic the conditions of the natural reef flat.
Similar(48)
Before the auction, however, she refurbished the chair using shades of gold, rose, and green paint.
Simulations were carried out using shades and different types of glass, walls, flooring and roofing.
In 1826, Charles Dupin created a so-called "thematic map" using shading to show the varying levels of illiteracy across France.
The decorating was handled in a similarly low-key manner, using shades of off-white, stone and putty.
He talked about tuning the privacy of each room, using shades or scrims to have larger or smaller openings, as you would change the aperture of a camera.
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