To describe plant species diversity on plots biodiversity indices (i.e. Shannon Index H′, Shannon Evenness J′, inverse Simpson's Index 1/D) were calculated using formulae provided by Magurran (2007).
The pCO2 values of the blood gases were corrected for the central blood temperature measurements, using the formulas provided by the manufacturer (ABL 100, Radiometer, Copenhagen, Denmark).
Using the formulas provided by Saris et al. [ 20], we tested whether a potential misspecification exceeds a reference value δ. δ is determined by the researcher and represents the size of a misspecification regarded as relevant.
The systemic vascular resistance index, the stroke volume index, the left and right ventricular stroke work indices, and the right ventricular ejection fraction were calculated using standard formulas provided by the Cold Z-021.
Departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was estimated using an exact 2-sided probability test using the formula provided by Weir [ 23].
Relative kinase activity was measured using the formula provided by the manufacturer (average absorbancesample−average absorbanceblank)/quantity of crude protein used per sample).
Minimum sample size requirements' was determined for 32 manifest variables and 3 latent factors with an a priori estimated effect size of 0.1, statistical power of 0.8 and type I error rate of 0.05, using the formula provided by Westland (2010).
Using the formula provided by Lemma 4.2, this equation is equivalent to saying that y is a solution in E 2 ( R ) of the following second-order linear differential equation (which is a Duffing equation): y ″ ( t ) + f ( 0, 0 ) ⋅ y ′ ( t ) + ∂ g ( 0, 0 ) ∂ x ⋅ y ( t ) = b ( t ).
Because the effect size is not easy to interpret from a clinical point of view, we also calculated the NNT by transforming the effect sizes based on Z scores using the formulae provided by Kraemer and Kupfer [19].
